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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Insulin resistance (IR) plays an important pathophysiological role in the development of diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Moreover, IR can occur even in non-obese people without diabetes. However, direct detection of IR is complicated. In order to find a simple surrogate marker of IR early in non-obese people, we investigate the association of commonly-used biochemical markers (liver enzymes and lipid profiles) with IR in urban middle-aged and older non-obese Chinese without diabetes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This cross-sectional study included 1 987 subjects (1 473 women). Fasting blood samples were collected for measurement of glucose, insulin, liver enzymes, lipid profiles and creatinine. Subjects whose homeostasis model of assessment-IR (HOMA-IR) index values exceeded the 75th percentile (2.67 for women and 2.48 for men) of the population were considered to have IR. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to compare the power of potential markers in identifying IR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Triglycerides (TG) and ratio of TG to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) discriminated IR better than other indexes for both sexes; areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (AUC) values were 0.770 (95% confidence interval 0.733-0.807) and 0.772 (0.736-0.809), respectively, for women and 0.754 (0.664-0.844) and 0.756 (0.672-0.840), respectively, for men. To identify IR, the optimal cut-offs for TG and TG/HDL-C ratio were 1.315 mmol/L (sensitivity 74.3%, specificity 71.0%) and 0.873 (sensitivity 70.1%, specificity 73.4%), respectively, for women, and 1.275 mmol/L (sensitivity 66.7%, specificity 74.4%) and 0.812 (sensitivity 75.8%, specificity 69.2%), respectively, for men.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TG and TG/HDL-C ratio could be used to identify IR in urban middle-aged and older non-obese Chinese without diabetes.</p>
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Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Alanine Transaminase , Blood , Aspartate Aminotransferases , Blood , Cholesterol, HDL , Blood , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diabetes Mellitus , Blood , Insulin Resistance , Physiology , Liver , Triglycerides , BloodABSTRACT
Linalool is an important monoterpene, and widely used in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry. The low concentration in plants and the difficulties in extraction restrict its large scale production. Saccharomyces cerevisiae can provide the monoterpene precursor, geranyl diphosphate (GPP) through its endogenous isoprenoid pathway. Therefore, it could be used as the host for monoterpene production. However, the weak metabolic flux through the isoprenoid pathway leads to the insufficient supply of GPP, and results in low monoterpene productivity. In order to increase the metabolic flux, we constructed the integrated expression plasmid pRS305-tHMG1 and free expression plasmid pYLIS-IDI1 to enhance the expression levels of isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase (IDI1) and a truncated 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase gene (tHMG1). The two plasmids were separately transformed into S. cerevisiae CEN.PK2-1C, resulting in strains LS01 and LS02. The plasmid pYLIS-IDI1 was further transformed into strain LS01, resulting in strain LS03. GC-MS analysis showed that the linalool concentration was increased by 1.3 times and reached (127.71 +/- 7.68) microg/L. In conclusion, enhancement of the supply of GPP precursors through the regulation of isoprenoid pathway could increase the linalool production in S. cerevisiae.
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Biosynthetic Pathways , Genetics , Butadienes , Metabolism , Hemiterpenes , Metabolism , Monoterpenes , Metabolism , Pentanes , Metabolism , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Genetics , MetabolismABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo summarize the experience of the operations of pancreaticoduodenal combined trauma.MethodsClinical data of pancreaticoduodenal combined trauma in 12 cases were analyzed retrospectively.Head of pancreas with duodenal combined trauma occurred in 9 cases,body-tail of pancreas with duodenal conbined trauma in 3 cases.Diferrent operative fashion were used.ResultsPostoperative pancreatic fistula in 2 cases( 16.7％ ),were cured by continuing lower pressure suction of all cases,11 cases were cured (91.7％ ) and 1 cases died (8.3％).ConclusionOperation in time and correct operative fashion were the key of successful treatment.Three-cavity twoBlakemore Tube had a certain value.
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ObjectiveTo observe the therapeutic effect of radiofrequency catheter ablation for idiopathic left ventricular tachycardia.To explore the relationship between surface electrocardiography and successful radiofrequency ablation location. MethodsThe electrophysiological data of surface electrocardiography and radiofrequency ablation,and the data of Holter in postorperation after 24 h and a half months,and tracking follow-up of 30 patients (23 males and 7 females)with idiopathic left ventricular tachycardia onset were retrospectively analyzed. ResultsRadiofrequency catheter ablation was successful in 29 patients(96.7%).The Holter was conducted in 29patients before and after the operation,the difference in average beats/24h before the operation(20 997 ± 10 786)and after the operation(921 ± 1 337)was statistically significant(P＜0.01).During the period of 1 to 3 months follow-up,2 patients relapsed and were all successfully re-ablated.No complication was found.The ventricular tachycardia lesions in left ventricular septum were found in 21 patients,of which 19 cases were located in a quadrant axis (-75.83 ± 19.36)°(-30 °～-90 °),and those in the left ventricular apex were in 9 cases,of which 7 cases were in the 2 quadrant axis(-102.6 ± 5.93)°(-91 °～-110 °). ConclusionRadiofrequency catheter ablation was an effeetive treatment technique for idiopathic left ventricular tachycardia with high successful rate,it could be selected as the first line treatment in patients with idiopathic left ventricular tachycardia.During idiopathic left ventricular tachycardia onset,the surface electrocardiography could help determine the initial site of ventricular tachycardia.
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Objective To summarize the experience in endovascular repair of De Bakey type Ⅲ aortic dissection in recent years and summarize the prevention and management of the related perioperative complications.Methods From January 2009 to January 2011,49 cases of endovascular repair for De Bakey type Ⅲ aortic dissection were performed under general anesthesia in our department.There were 45 male and 4 female.The follow-up was performed in the outpatient department or by telephone.Results There was no inhospital death and no paraplegia events.Severe complication included:coma,2 cases ( 4.1％ ) ; endoleak,2 cases (4.1％ ) ; upper limb ischemia,2 cases (4.1％ ).Recurrent proximal aortic dissection,1 case.Fever was occurred in most of those cases.Conclusion Endovascular repair of aortic dissection improves the outcome of aortic dissection patients.But more attention should be pay to prevent the severe complications,It will help to improve the prognosis and life quality by reducing the risk of retrograde dissection,acute brain ischemia and endoleak.
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Objective To summarize our experience in endovascular repair of 83 cases with type B aortic dissection.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed in 83 cases of type B aortic dissections who were treated in our hospital.Results The surgical procedure was successful for all the patients.Two patients died peri-operatively.One case encountered a coma,but no post-operative paraplegia occurred.Conclusion Endovascular repair for type B aortic dissection is a micro-invasive,safe and effective technique.Long-term follow-up is required to give a comprehensive evaluation.
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Objective To analyze the composition of and drug resistance in bacteria isolated from the lesions of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the face and head.Methods Lesional tissue or discharges were obtained from 246 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the face and head,and subjected to conventional bacterial culture.The isolated bacteria were identified by VITEK TWO automated microbiology system.Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out by Kirby-bauer method.WHONET 5.3 software was utilized for statistical analysis.Results Totally,294 bacterial strains were isolated,including 168 Gram-negative bacteria (57.1％)and 126 Gram-positive bacteria(42.9％).The bacterial isolates were predominated by Staphylococcus aureus(21.4％),followed by Escherichia coli(20.4％),Staphylococcus epidermidis(18.4％),Klebsiellapneumoniae(15.4％)and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(9.5％).The prevalence was 40％,26.7％,42.9％ and 55.6％ respectively for extended spectrum β lactamases-producing E.coli and K.pneumoniae,methicillinresistant staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative S.epidermidis(MRCNS)respectively.P.aeruginosa,E.coli and K.pneumoniae were highly susceptible to imipenem and meropenem,and favorably sensitive to β-lactam and β-1actamase inhibitor combination.No resistance was observed for vancomycin,teicoplanin or linezolid in staphylococci.Conclusions The bacterial isolates from squamous cell carcinoma tissue on the head and neck are predominated by conditional pathogenic bacteria,and the proportion of Gram-negative bacteria is higher than that of Gram-positive bacteria.These isolates seem to be highly resistant to common antibiotics.
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Objective To investigate the methods for repairing skin defects after excision of small cutaneous malignant tumors at the lower one third part of nose and their clinical effects.Methods Lesions of small cutaneous malignant tumors at lower one third part of the nose were removed in 54 patients.Intraoperative pathology was performed to confirm the absence of survival carcinoma tissues after resection.According to the site,size,shape and neighborous skin status of defects,bilobed flaps,two-side rotation flaps and nasolabial flaps were selected to repair nasal skin tissue defects.Results There were 39(72.22%) cases of basal cell carcinoma, 9(16.67%) squamous cell carcinoma, 6(11.11%) keratoacanthoma.Skin defects after tumor removal were situated at the lower one third part of nose in all cases with less than 2.0 cm in diameter.Bilobed flaps were used to repair skin defects in 20 cases.rotation flaps in 2 cases,and nasolabial flap in 32 cases.As a result,all flaps survived and no obvious deformation of nose was observed in these cases.No recurrence occurred in a 5-year follow-up.Conclusion A satisfactory repair of skin defects at the lower one third part of nose with a diameter of less than 2.0 cm is achieved with bilobed flaps,two-side rotation flaps and nasolabial flaps.
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Objective To study the best protecting dosage of phycocyanin on PC12 cells after anoxia/re-oxygen in vitro.Methods The anoxia/re-oxygen cell models were established with cultured PC12 cells and treated by phycocyanin.The absorbency of PC12 cells was determined by MTT method to observe the activity and number of PC12 cells after anoxia/re-oxygen.The fluorescent intensity in PC12 cells labeled by Rhodamine123 was measured with laser scanning confocal microscope to observe the mitochondrial membrane potential after anoxia/re-oxygen.Results After anoxia/re-oxygen,the absorbency and fluorescent intensity in PC12 cells were significantly lower than those in control group.After treatment with phycocyanin,the absorbency of PC12 cell in test groups was higher than that in model group,especially in 5?g?mL-1 subgroup,P
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Objective To investigate the protective effect of phycocyanin on focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion in rats.Methods The model of the middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion(MCAO/R) was established using the intraluminal filament occlusion with 60 healthy adult male Wistar rats,and treated by phycocyanin.The expressions of NF-?B,IL-6 and neuronal apoptosis were detected to evaluate the effects of phycocyanin on above indexes.Results The expression level of NF-?B increased successfully from reperfusion 6h,peaked at reperfusion 1d,and then decreased in cortex and striatum in ischemic group.The expression site and change principle of IL-6 were similar to those of NF-?B except of expression peak at reperfusion 2d.The neuronal apoptosis increased successfully from reperfusion 6h,reached peak at reperfusion 1d and 2d in cortex and striatum respectively,and the changed character was coincident with NF-?B and IL-6 expressions.The expressions of NF-?B and IL-6 reduced and the number of neuronal apoptosis decreased significantly after applying phycocyanin compared to the control group in the same time.Conclusion Phycocyanin could inhibit neuronal apoptosis and down-regulate the expressions of NF-?B and IL-6 after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.
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0.05),however,after three days of pharmacological treatment,there was significantly reduced CRP content in group A [(5.44?1.57)mg/L vs(4.04?1.54)mg/L,P
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AIM: To study the effect of mobilization of stem cells by exogenous recombinant human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) on the repairing process of reendothelialization and neointima hyperplasy on ballon injured rat carotid arteries. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into rhG-CSF group and NS+injury group. The animals were injected daily with 30 ?g/kg rhG-CSF or 0.9% NaCl for 7 days, then underwent balloon angioplasty of the common carotid arteries which were harvested and processed for scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Evans blue staining, morphometric analysis of endothelialization and neointimal formation at 1 h, 3 d, 5 d, 7 d, 14 d after injury. Immunohistochemistry for proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and RT-PCR for eNOS mRNA were also conducted for evaluating the proliferation of cells of the vessel wall and the possible mechanism of the repairing. RESULTS: SEM and Evan’s blue staining showed increased reendothelialization of the denuded vessels in rhG-CSF-treated animals compared with that NS+injury animals [(60.6?7.3)% vs (41.6?3.3)%,P
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Presently there is co-existed of over-and deficient treatment in percutaneous coronary intervention in china and the conflict of interest between doctors and patients among which mainly appeared to be financial conflict.The conflict is resulted from deviation of direction in reformation of economy policy,mismatched conditions between medical ethics and medical technique,misunderstanding between doctors and patients.In this paper we discussed the resolving methods,including enhancing healthy economy reformation,establishing harmonious relationship between doctors and patients,optimizing the utilizing of interventional technique.We also must persist in justice and public good principle.Undoubtedly to say conflict of interests between doctors and patients always exists,the way to minimize it relay on co-exertion of society,governmental control agency,doctors and patients,and this will take a long time.
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The problem of over-treatment of percutaneous coronary intervention is expounded in the paper.From the prospective of ethics,several factors such as doctor,patient and even society,all of which can affect the excessive implement of percutaneous coronary intervention,are analyzed in the article.Effective counter-measures to help the development of the technique are also discussed.